The brain drain phenomenon—where skilled workers emigrate for better opportunities—is affecting Tunisia and many other African nations, particularly in the Maghreb region.
Due to historical ties and geographic proximity, many Maghrebi professionals, especially Tunisians, are migrating to France and other European countries. This trend, while benefiting the host countries, is leaving a significant void in the labor force of their home nations.
For the countries receiving these highly educated workers, it’s a windfall that comes at little to no cost. Some of these nations have implemented structured programs designed to attract young, talented graduates from across the globe. Corporations, in turn, are actively recruiting skilled workers as part of their global talent strategies, competing to secure the best candidates.
Over time, this outward migration could become a serious threat for Tunisia, draining the country of its most valuable human resources. The loss of highly skilled workers poses a significant challenge to national development plans, creating what some describe as a “skills hemorrhage.”
Brain drain up by 28%
Academic and immigration specialist Lassad Laabidi told Mosaique FM said the brain drain in Tunisia went up by 28% in 2023, as reported by the Technical Cooperation Agency. However, Laabidi believes these figures are far from the full picture, as they only account for officially recorded overseas hires through the agency.
Many professionals secure international jobs through direct contracts or internships, which are not always included in the official data.
Laabidi warns that the true extent of the brain drain may be much higher than what is currently reported.
Economic Consequences for Tunisia
Economists argue that this exodus has a direct negative impact on Tunisia’s economy, resulting in the depreciation of human capital. The departure of skilled workers not only stunts economic growth but also diminishes the potential income the country could generate from this talent pool. As Tunisia invests in education and training, the loss of these individuals abroad is a serious blow.
However, there is also a counter-narrative. Some experts believe that the Tunisian diaspora could be an asset rather than a burden. This perspective sees the emigrant workforce as a potential source of knowledge and technology transfer, which could be harnessed for the country’s long-term benefit.
One notable trend is the increasing number of Tunisian professionals—both men and women—leaving for foreign countries. While many view this as a loss for Tunisia, others see it as an opportunity.
The highly skilled Tunisian diaspora can be a resource for the nation’s future development if managed strategically. Evidence from a study conducted before the 2011 revolution shows that Tunisian executives abroad could contribute significantly to their home country’s growth through various channels, including remittances, investments, and the transfer of knowledge.
In this post-revolutionary period, only time will tell whether Tunisia can leverage its skilled diaspora for its development or continue to suffer from the effects of this brain drain.
